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Pre-Portuguese Christianity in Goa
Christianity in Goa has pre-Portuguese roots, according to a few scholars such as H.O. Mascarenhas and Jose Cosme Costa. These roots are probably the same as those of the Saint Thomas Christians or Nasranis of Kerala.
==The work of H.O. Mascarenhas==
H.O. Mascarenhas proposed the theory of pre-Portuguese Christianity in Goa.〔H.O. Mascarenhas, ''Konkannachem Apostolik Kristanvponn.''〕 In an interview, Mascarenhas reports hearing from his grandmother about pre-Portuguese Christianity in Goa. His grandmother was from Aldona, Goa, where the parish church is dedicated to St. Thomas. She spoke of the equal-armed crosses (still found all over Goa today) without the image of Jesus which is common among Saint Thomas Christians. Mascarenhas himself recalls that the Hindus in Goa used to celebrate 3 July (the feast of Thomas the Apostle) as ''Dukrana'', which he later realized as somehow similar to the Syriac 'Dukrana' which is the feast of the martyrdom of Thomas. He also reports the existence of Christian and Hindu 'Thomses' in Kalyanpuram near Mangalore, probably people who fled or migrated from Goa. Again, in a letter from Goa dated 20 September 1542, four months after his arrival, Francis Xavier writes that the people of the land were greatly devoted to St. Thomas. According to Mascarenhas, this could not have come from the Portuguese, who had no great devotion to Thomas the Apostle. Yet another argument is that Francis Xavier suggests that the Pope be petitioned for a plenary indulgence for the feast of St. Thomas. However, at that time the Latin church celebrated the feast of St. Thomas on 21 December and not on 3 July, which was the date on which Syrian Christians celebrated the feat. Mascarenhas suggests therefore that Francis Xavier had witnessed the celebration of the feast on 3 July; he could not have witnessed a celebration on 21 December, since he had just arrived in Goa in May 1542.〔Also Hubert O Mascarenhas, interview with the Editor of ''New Leader'' which appeared in the ''Silver Jubilee Souvenir of the Archdiocese of Tellicherry'', 1970, see http://thenazrani.org/feasts9.htm〕
Jose Cosme Costa reports that Mascarenhas even proposed that there were Christian temples dedicated to the persons of the Trinity: Abanath / Bhutnath (Father Lord), Ravalnath (from Rabboni - Rabulna - Rabulnath) / Bhai rav (Brother Lord), and Atman / Bhavka Devta, Santeri, Ajadevi (Spirit).〔H.O. Mascarenhas, ''Konkannachem Apostolik Kristanvponn,'' cited by J. Cosme Costa, ''Apostolic Christianity in Goa and in the West Coast'' (Pilar, Goa: Xavierian Publication Society, 2009) 67-68.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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